• Differentiation of skeletal myoblasts is a tightly

  2023-01-05

  

  Differentiation of skeletal myoblasts is a tightly orchestrated process that involves myoblast proliferation, mitomycin withdrawal, expression of muscle-specific genes, and fusion into multinucleated myofibers (Horsley and Pavlath, 2004; Krauss, 2010). The maintenance of muscle mass is important fo

• Numerous studies have reported high glutamate levels in the

  2023-01-05

  

  Numerous studies have reported high glutamate levels in the brains of patients with depression, indicating that the glutamate system plays a crucial role in depression (Sanacora et al., 2004; Kendell et al., 2005; Hashimoto et al., 2007). Furthermore, several clinically effective antidepressant drug

• Sperm total motility and hyperactivated motility are mediate

  2023-01-04

  

  Sperm total motility and hyperactivated motility are mediated by PLD-dependent Peficitinb polymerization [20]. Reduction of PIP2 synthesis inhibited actin polymerization and motility, and increasing PIP2 synthesis enhanced these activities. Furthermore, sperm demonstrating low motility contained low

• Previous reports indicate that the expression of AChRs and t

  2023-01-04

  

  Previous reports indicate that the expression of AChRs and their clustering on myotubes are critical factors required to induce contacts on muscle fibers in a natural biological system [14], [15], [16], [17], [18], [19]. For instance, in NMJ development in the mouse, AChRs are pre-patterned at sites

• Previously several genes such as cytokine Lyu and Park cell

  2023-01-04

  

  Previously, several genes such as cytokine (Lyu and Park, 2007), cell motility-associated genes (Schotterl et al., 2017), transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), TGF-β receptor II which is a cell surface receptor with serine/threonine kinase activity (Jiang et al., 2014, Schotterl et al., 2017), cell

• br Concluding Remarks and Future

  2023-01-04

  

  Concluding Remarks and Future Directions The physiological significance of autophagy in neuronal function is steadily emerging. The studies discussed herein reveal that key neuronal functions, such as neurotransmitter release, pruning of dendritic spines, and behavioural outputs of neural network

• Crystal structures were obtained of

  2023-01-04

  

  Crystal structures were obtained of sulfonamide 18 and amide 19 as a derivative of amide 36 (Fig. 7A and B). The precise rotameric orientation of amide 36 was of significant interest to understand the compound's interaction with the protein. As it would be difficult to assign the rotomer of 36, the

• Mitochondrial dysfunction resulting from mtDNA abnormalities

  2023-01-04

  

  Mitochondrial dysfunction resulting from mtDNA abnormalities may trigger retrograde signaling pathways from the mitochondrion to the nucleus, which regulate the expression of genes involved in diverse cellular processes, including metabolism, stress responses, tumor progression, nutrient sensing, li

• hypoxia inducible factor br STAR Methods br Author Contribut

  2023-01-04

  

  STAR★Methods Author Contributions Acknowledgments We thank Craig D. Wenger and Neva C. Durand for helpful advice, guidance, and discussions. D.H.P. is supported by the NIH National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI) (grant R00HG008662) and the Damon Runyon Cancer Research Foundation (D

• br Materials and methods br Results br Discussion

  2023-01-04

  

  Materials and methods Results Discussion Our results revealed that LPS injection in rats impaired fear memory in the PA task. This results are in agreement with the most of previous studies reported that following acute [23,24,39,[45], [46], [47]] or chronic systemic A-803467 [30] fear lea

• How do increased levels of ammonia as observed

  2023-01-04

  

  How do increased levels of ammonia as observed in clinical HE constrain synaptic plasticity? Numerous studies have investigated the modulation of signal transduction pathways activated in LTP or LTD irrespective of being necessary or sufficient for changes in synaptic efficacy (Wen et al., 2013). Ye

• br LO synaptic integrity and memory Interestingly

  2023-01-04

  

  12/15LO, synaptic integrity, and memory Interestingly, several groups have found that 12/15LO directly modulates synaptic function. Normandin and colleagues reported that pharmacological inhibition of 12/15LO modulates rat hippocampal long-term depression (LTD), a process by which neuronal synapt

• Salvia the largest genus in the family Lamiaceae comprises o

  2023-01-04

  

  Salvia, the largest genus in the family Lamiaceae, comprises over 900 species that are distributed globally [14], [15], [16]. The genus Salvia has been assessed in many studies because it is a rich source of polyphenol compounds, of which more than 160 have been isolated from plants in the genus, so

• All desired compounds with a carboxylic acid substituent at

  2023-01-04

  

  All desired compounds with a carboxylic 4 aminopyridine sale substituent at N1 position of the quinoxalinone scaffold and a variety of aromatic substituents at C3 position were obtained by the syntheses starting from methoxy-substituted 3-chloro-quinoxalin-2(1)-ones () prepared as previously. As sh

• Pregnane X receptor PXR is a nuclear receptor

  2023-01-04

  

  Pregnane X receptor (PXR) is a nuclear receptor that plays an important role in regulation of metabolism and disposition of structurally diverse xenobiotics as well as endogenous steroids and bile acids (Bertilsson et al., 1998, Kliewer et al., 1998, Lehmann et al., 1998). PXR regulates the metaboli

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