In this background it can

In this background, it AMG-517 can be foreseen that individuals could do a diagnostic neuropsychological evaluation via the use of a videoconference approach. However, a few considerations and challenges on the use of technology must be addressed. Foremost, the privacy, security and confidentiality of (free) videoconferencing software must always be taken into account; each country\'s ethical/security standards must be followed. More so, women, older and less educated individuals may be less receptive to technology. For example, Kerschner and Hart (Zimmer and Chappell, 1999; Tun and Lachman, 2010) indicated that men, younger individuals, and those with higher education, are more receptive and report less anxiety. The link found between education and technology acceptability is of consideration. Studies have revealed that higher levels of education are associated to higher levels of both computer knowledge and computer interest and lower levels of computer anxiety (Ellis and Allaire, 1999). Here, importantly, the guided-informal discussion (on satisfaction and how difficult and stressful the participants considered the videoconference and telephone evaluations) indicated that the participants\' acceptability of videoconference administration was satisfactory and on par with the acceptability of the telephone assessment. This is critical because the VC administration has several advantages, including the possibility to capture the participants\' non-verbal cues, such as facial expressions and attentiveness, as well as to detect for the use of external cues/test aids. This helps not only the interviewer-participant communication, but also the overall assessment. Also, when applying videoconference (and telephone) methodologies surrounding distractions are of concern (e.g. ambient noises that make harder to hear/follow the instructions and test questions). These can potentiate sensory deficits, which can decrease the capacity to interact over a videoconference/telephone connection. Individuals with impairment can have difficulties in maintaining and sustaining attention. We speculate that in the present study the participants (particularly those with impairment) were able to maintain attention due to the brevity of the telephone/videoconference evaluation. Moreover, health professionals should primarily focus on the development of a therapeutic relationship and on patients\' motivation. A recommendation is to start the evaluations with a brief conversation, or with a few questions that should not invalidate or conflict with the questions of the instrument, but would put the participant more at ease. In the present study, in some occasions, some instructions or questions had to be repeated. It could not be easily determined if because these could not be understood due to audio problems or because the participant could not, in fact, “cognitively” comprehend the question. Thus, instruments should be adapted or developed to include two or three “easy to answer” non-interfering questions, dispersed throughout the assessment, so to internally assess and/or control for this. Finally, it would be of great relevance the design/development and validation of an instrument that could be used in all settings here considered (in-person and non in-person) across ageing groups. Currently, a limitation of computerized cognitive testing in older people is the lack of psychometric data (for example, normative, reliability and validity data) compared with traditional “paper and pencil” measures (Fazeli et al., 2013). Available studies are limited because of the small sample sizes used and with cohorts composed of mainly psychogeriatric inpatients or medical geriatric hospitalized patients. Here, we add to the present body of work, with results supporting the hypothesis of good acceptability of cognitive assessment via a videoconference method, comparable to the traditional face-to-face administration, in both community dwellers and those resorting to partial or full care in care centers. Results from the study are promising and demonstrate the suitability of using eHealth approaches in older individuals and may be a very useful and needed alternative to assess cognitive progression.